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Violet (color)

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The Violet flower

Violet
— Spectral coordinates —
Wavelength		380–450 nm
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#EE82EE
sRGBB	(r, g, b)	(238, 130, 238)
Source		HTML/CSS X11 color names
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
The sRGB coordinates above are for the web color.

Pigment_violet

As the name of a color, violet (named after the flower violet) is used in two senses: first, referring to the color of light at the short-wavelength end of the visible spectrum, approximately 380–420 nm when indigo is recognized as a distinct color, or more commonly 380–450 nm (this is a spectral color). Second, violet may refer to a shade of purple, that is, a mixture of red and blue light, and not a spectral color (see a discussion of the distinction between violet and purple). Spectral violet is outside the gamut of typical RGB color spaces, and although it can be approximated by that color shown below as electric violet, it cannot be reproduced exactly on a computer screen.

The first recorded use of violet as a color name in English was in 1370.

Approximations of spectrum violet

Although pure spectrum violet is outside the color gamut of the RGB color space, the three colors displayed below are close approximations of the range of colors of spectral violet.

Violet (color wheel)
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#7F00FF
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(127, 0, 255)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(270°, 100%, 100%)
Source		Chromas/Achromas
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Color wheel violet

The tertiary color on the HSV color wheel (also known as the RGB color wheel) precisely halfway between blue and magenta is called color wheel violet. This tone of violet is shown at right.

Another name for this color is near violet as it is tone of violet that tends toward Indigo. It represents the visual stimulation of the spectrum color at about 417 nanometers (just inside the violet portion of the spectrum if indigo is accepted as a separate spectrum color), as can be ascertained by checking the CIE chromaticity diagram.

Electric Violet
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#8F00FF
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(143, 0, 255)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(274°, 100%, 100%)
Source		HTML Color Chart @274
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Electric violet

The color at right is electric violet, the closest approximation to middle spectrum violet that can be made on a computer screen, given the limitations of the sRGB color gamut within the CIE chromaticity diagram. When plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram, this color would have approximately the hue of a visual stimulus of about 400 nm on the spectrum, in the middle of the violet part of the spectrum. Thus another name for this color is middle violet.

Vivid Violet
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#9F00FF
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(159, 0, 255)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(277°, 100%, 100%)
Source		HTML Color Chart @277
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Vivid violet

Displayed at right is the color vivid violet, a color approximately equivalent to the violet seen at the extreme edge of human visual perception. When plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram, it can be seen that this is a hue corresponding to that of a visual stimulus of approximately 380 nm on the spectrum. Thus another name for this color is extreme violet.

Other variations of violet

Dark Violet
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#9400D3
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(148, 0, 211)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(282°, 40%, 40%)
Source		X11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Pigment violet (web color dark violet)

The color box at right displays the web color dark violet which is equivalent to pigment violet, i.e., the color violet as it would typically be reproduced by artist's paints, colored pencils, or crayons as opposed to the brighter "electric" violet above that it is possible to reproduce on a computer screen.

Compare the subtractive colors to the additive colors in the two primary color charts in the article on primary colors to see the distinction between electric colors as reproducible from light on a computer screen (additive colors) and the pigment colors reproducible with pigments (subtractive colors); the additive colors are a lot brighter because they are produced from light instead of pigment.

Pigment violet (web color dark violet) represents the way the color violet was always reproduced in pigments, paints, or colored pencils in the 1950s. By the 1970s, because of the advent of psychedelic art, artists became used to brighter pigments, and pigments called "Violet" that are the pigment equivalent of the electric violet reproduced in the section above became available in artists pigments and colored pencils. (When approximating electric violet in artists pigments, a bit of white pigment is added to pigment violet.)

Violet (web color)
— Color coordinates —
Hex triplet		#EE82EE
RGBB	(r, g, b)	(238, 130, 238)
HSV	(h, s, v)	(300°, 45%, 93%)
Source		X11
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Web color "violet"

The so-called web color "violet" is in actuality not really a tint of violet, a spectral color, but is a non-spectral color. The web color violet is actually a rather pale tint of magenta because it has equal amounts of red and blue (the definition of magenta for computer display), and some of the green primary mixed in, unlike most other variants of violet that are closer to blue. This same color appears as "violet" in the X11 color names.

Violet in human culture

Art

• In Chinese painting, the color violet represents the harmony of the universe because it is a combination of red (yang) and blue (yin).

Food

• In the United Kingdom it is traditional to package chocolate in violet colored packaging because of the association of the color royal purple with luxury.

Literature

• Violet is the name of a 75-foot (23 m) diameter spherical starship that was an enlarged version of the Skylark Two in the 1948 E.E. Smith science fiction novel Skylark Three (originally published in Amazing Stories in 1930), the second book of the Skylark tetralogy.

• According to the Austin Museum of Art, the Greek lyric poet Pindar wrote "City of light, with thy violet crown, beloved of the poets, thou art the bulwark of Greece." In Geoffrey Trease's novel The Crown of Violet, the name is explained as referring to the mauve-tinted marble of the Acropolis hill.

Religion

• In Hinduism, violet is used to symbolically represent the seventh, crown chakra (Sahasrara).
• In many western churches, violet is the liturgical color of Advent and Lent, which respectively celebrate the expectant waiting and preparation for the celebration of the Nativity of Jesus whereas Lent is the time for Penance and/or Mourning.
• There is a stained glass window created in the early 1920s in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California depicting God the Father wearing a violet robe.

Vexillology

• The only nation to use violet in its flag was the second Spanish republic.

See also

• High-energy visible light
• Lavender
• List of colors
• Purple
• Ultraviolet

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Violet